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Caesarean section, also known as C-section, cesarean, or caesarean delivery, is the surgical procedure by which one or more babies are delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen. It is often performed because vaginal delivery would put the mother or child at risk (of paralysis or even death). [ 2 ]
Caesarean delivery is absolutely necessary because vaginal birth with the baby's head in this position confers a high risk of spinal cord trauma and death. [28] Maturity of the baby – Premature babies appear to be at higher risk of complications if delivered vaginally than if delivered by caesarean section. [28]
Conversely, if the fetus has reached the point of viability, a prompt birth via Caesarean section offers the best chance of survival. [4] Even if there is no reasonable prospect of maternal resuscitation (for example, after a nonsurvivable injury or prolonged cardiac arrest), the procedure can still serve this purpose.
Childbirth, also known as labour, parturition and delivery, is the completion of pregnancy where one or more babies exits the internal environment of the mother via vaginal delivery or caesarean section. [7]
The treatment of obstructed labour may require cesarean section or vacuum extraction with possible surgical opening of the symphysis pubis. [4] Caesarean section is an invasive method but is often the only method that will save the lives of both the mother and the infant. [18] Symphysiotomy is the surgical opening of the symphysis pubis.
Although fetal delivery through caesarean section is a very common surgery done in the world, it comes with several risks including bleeding, infection, thromboembolism, and soft-tissue injury. During a caesarean section, a hysterotomy is utilized to make an incision in the uterus and remove the fetus. [8]
Operative vaginal delivery is required in times of maternal or fetal distress to assist in childbirth as an alternative to caesarean section. [2] Its use has decreased over the years in comparison to caesarean section. [2] [3] The two main instruments used are rotational forceps and vacuum extractors, each with different complication risks.
Symphysiotomy can be a life-saving procedure in areas of the world where caesarean section is not feasible or immediately available as it does not require an operating theatre or "advanced" surgical skills. [5] Since this procedure does not scar the uterus, the concern of future uterine rupture that exists with cesarean section is not a factor ...