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  2. Lipopolysaccharide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide

    Lipopolysaccharides can have substantial impacts on human health, primarily through interactions with the immune system. LPS is a potent activator of the immune system and is a pyrogen (agent that causes fever). [4] In severe cases, LPS can trigger a brisk host response and multiple types of acute organ failure [5] which can lead to septic ...

  3. Sand filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_filter

    The pre-treated raw water enters the filter chamber on the top, flows through the filter medium and the effluent drains through the drainage system in the lower part. Large process plants have also a system implemented to evenly distribute the raw water to the filter. In addition, a distribution system controlling the air flow is usually included.

  4. New York City water supply system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_water_supply...

    With three major water systems (Croton, Catskill, and Delaware) stretching up to 125 miles (201 km) away from the city, its water supply system is one of the most extensive municipal water systems in the world. New York's water treatment process is simpler than most other American cities. This largely reflects how well protected its watersheds are.

  5. Microfiltration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfiltration

    Thorough water rinsing of the membrane modules, pipelines, pumps and other unit connections should be carried out until the end water appears clean. Microfiltration modules are typically set to operate at pressures of 100 to 400 kPa. [23] Such pressures allow removal of materials such as sand, slits and clays, and also bacteria and protozoa.

  6. ELGA LabWater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELGA_LabWater

    ELGA LabWater is the laboratory water brand name of Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies. ELGA manufactures, supplies and services water purification systems for use in general, R&D, healthcare and clinical laboratories. Its offices and distributors are located in more than 60 countries. [citation needed]

  7. Copper-silver ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper-silver_ionization

    Ionization can be an effective process to control Legionella in potable water distribution systems found in health facilities, hotels, nursing homes, and large buildings. . In 2003, ionization became the first such hospital disinfection process to have fulfilled a proposed four-step modality evaluation; by then it had been adopted by over 100 hospitals.

  8. Lamella clarifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamella_clarifier

    Plate length: Depending on the scale of the system, total plate lengths can vary, however, the plate length should allow for the plates to rise 125 mm above the top water level, with 1.5 m of space left below the plates at the bottom of the clarifier for collection of sludge. [7] Most plates have a length of 1–2 m. [14]

  9. Electrodeionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodeionization

    Electrodeionization (EDI) is a water treatment technology that utilizes DC power, ion exchange membranes, and ion exchange resin to deionize water. EDI is typically employed as a polishing treatment following reverse osmosis (RO), and is used in the production of ultrapure water. It differs from other RO polishing methods, like chemically ...