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Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. [1] Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced.
A multichannel analyzer (MCA) is an instrument used in laboratory and field applications to analyze an input signal consisting of voltage pulses. [1] MCAs are used extensively in digitizing various spectroscopy measurements, especially those related to nuclear physics, including various types of spectroscopy (alpha-, beta-, and gamma spectroscopy).
The detector is a photodiode made of a 1.2 kg germanium crystal, reverse biased to about 3 kilovolts, mounted at the end of a six-meter boom to minimize interferences from the gamma radiation produced by the spacecraft itself. Its spatial resolution is about 300 km. [3] [4] The neutron spectrometer is 173 by 144 by 314 mm (6.8 by 5.7 by 12.4 in).
In the implementation of the pulse-shape analysis technique for AGATA, the measured pulse shapes are compared, in real time, to the database of signals calculated on a fine (2 mm) grid for each type of AGATA HPGe crystals [1] The calculations have been validated by comparisons with pulses measured using tightly collimated γ-ray sources. [1]
A Mössbauer absorption spectrum of 57 Fe. Mössbauer spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique based on the Mössbauer effect.This effect, discovered by Rudolf Mössbauer (sometimes written "Moessbauer", German: "Mößbauer") in 1958, consists of the nearly recoil-free emission and absorption of nuclear gamma rays in solids.
Gamma counters are used in radiobinding assays, [5] radioimmunoassays (RIA) [6] and nuclear medicine measurements such as GFR [7] and hematocrit. [8] Some gamma counters can be used for gamma spectroscopy to identify radioactive materials based on their output energy spectrum, e.g. as a wipe test counter. [9]
Prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis (PGAA) is a very widely applicable technique for determining the presence and amount of many elements simultaneously in samples ranging in size from micrograms to many grams. It is a non-destructive method, and the chemical form and shape of the sample are relatively unimportant.
Gamma spectroscopy is the study of the energetic transitions in atomic nuclei, which are generally associated with the absorption or emission of gamma rays. As in optical spectroscopy (see Franck–Condon effect) the absorption of gamma rays by a nucleus is especially likely (i.e., peaks in a "resonance") when the energy of the gamma ray is the ...