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Various abbreviations used for this type of contract are LSTK for lump sum turn key, EPIC for engineering, procurement, installation & commissioning and EPCC for engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning. Use of EPIC is common, e.g., by FIDIC and most Persian Gulf countries. Use of LSTK is common in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
In 2016, about 400 barrels (64 m 3) were released from the original Keystone pipe network via leaks, which federal investigators said resulted from a "weld anomaly". [235] On November 17, 2017, the pipeline leaked around 9,600 barrels (1,530 m 3) [236] onto farmland near Amherst, South Dakota. The oil leak is the largest seen from the Keystone ...
In 2000, American opened American SpiralWeld Pipe Company in Columbia, South Carolina, diversifying its product line to include spiral-welded steel pipe in diameters up to 144 inches (3,700 mm). In 2015, American began operations at a new spiral-welded pipe production facility in Flint, Michigan. A third facility opened in Paris, Texas, in 2021.
Lump sum turnkey (LSTK) is a combination of the business-contract concepts of lump sum and turnkey.Lump sum is a noun which means a complete payment consisting of a single sum of money while turnkey is an adjective of a product or service which means product or service will be ready to use upon delivery.
Orangeburg pipe (also known as "fiber conduit", "bituminous fiber pipe" or "Bermico" or "sand pipe") is bituminized fiber pipe used in the United States. It is made from layers of ground wood pulp fibers and asbestos fibres compressed with and bound by a water resistant adhesive then impregnated with liquefied coal tar pitch .
Turnkey refers to something that is ready for immediate use, generally used in the sale or supply of goods or services. The word is a reference to the fact that the customer, upon receiving the product, just needs to turn the ignition key to make it operational, or that the key just needs to be turned over to the customer. [4]
The information technology sector of electrical installations is used for computer networking, telephones, television, security systems, audio distribution, healthcare systems, robotics, and more. These services are typically installed by different tradespeople to the higher-voltage mains wiring and are often contracted out to very specific ...
It is a jointless, seamless pipe lining within an existing pipe. As one of the most widely used rehabilitation methods, CIPP has applications in sewer, water, gas, chemical and district heating pipelines ranging in diameter from 0.1 to 2.8 meters (2–110 inches).