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The medieval Ottoman Empire had become the first country to maintain a standing army in Europe since the days of the Roman Empire. [2] [need quotation to verify] [3] The force originated in the 14th century. The Ottoman army may have also the been the first to equip with firearms, which they acquired during the reign of Murad II (r. 1421–1451 ...
The elite cavalry was the mounted counterpart to the Janissaries and played an important part in the Ottoman army. The Six Divisions were probably founded during the reign of Sultan Mehmed II (r. 1451–1481), but the Sipahis had existed since 1326.
The Ottoman people had rights to the land but the sipahi, a unique kind of military aristocracy and cavalry portion of the military, also lived on the land with the farmers (90% of the population) and collected tax revenues, usually in-kind, to subsidize the costs of training and equipping the small army, dedicated to serving the sultan.
A Deli (from Turkish deli, meaning "mad, wild, daring") [1] was a member of a light cavalry unit within the Ottoman Empire.Their main role was to act as front-line shock troops, also acting as personal guards for high-level Ottoman officials in the Rumeli during peacetime.
The supply of Ottoman forces operating in Moldavia and Wallachia was a major challenge that required well organized logistics. An army of 60,000 soldiers and 40,000 horses required a half-million kilograms of food per day. The Ottoman forces fared better than the Russians, but the expenses crippled both national treasuries.
Yaya were precursors of the Janissary corps of the Ottoman military, which would become one of the most influential and increasingly political forces in the Ottoman state until the 19th century. [11] Janissary Corps would be made of converted Christians from Balkans up to 1500(most of them Albanians, Bosnians and Eastern Romans ).
The attacks on the Ottoman left flank were inflicted by the cavalry of Quartermaster General F. W. Bauer and General-Lieutenant P. G. Plemyannikov ; from the front — the cavalry of General-in-Chief P. I. Olits , and on the Turkish right flank — the cavalry of General-Lieutenant J. Bruce and General-Lieutenant N. V. Repnin. P. A.
[22] The Hamidiye Light Cavalry was created to "combat local and cross-border challenges to Ottoman authority." [ 23 ] The biggest patron of the Hamidiye was Abdul Hamid II . They were named after him and under the direct order of him and his brother-in-law Zeki Pasha, [ 24 ] the Circassian commander of the 4th Army based in Erzincan . [ 25 ]