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Jain (/ ˈ dʒ eɪ n /) is the title and name given to an adherent of Jainism. The term has its origin in the Sanskrit term jina ("conqueror" or "victor"). The term has its origin in the Sanskrit term jina ("conqueror" or "victor").
Jain literature (Sanskrit: जैन साहित्य) refers to the literature of the Jain religion. It is a vast and ancient literary tradition, which was initially transmitted orally. The oldest surviving material is contained in the canonical Jain Agamas, which are written in Ardhamagadhi, a Prakrit (Middle-Indo Aryan) language.
This agama describes nonviolence, Jain metaphysics, and the refutation of other religious theories such as Kriyavada, Akriyavada, Ajnanavada, and Vinayavada. Sanskrit commentary has been done by Silanka who lived in the second half of the ninth century A.D.
The Ācārāṅga Sūtra, the foremost and oldest Jain text (First book c. 5th–4th century BCE; Second book c. Late 4th–2nd century BCE), [1] is the first of the twelve Angas, part of the agamas which were compiled based on the teachings of 24th Tirthankara Mahavira.
Samavayanga Sutra (c. 3rd-4th century BCE) [1] is the 4th amongst the 12 Angas of the Jaina canon.The sutra is believed to have been composed by Ganadhara Sudharmaswami.This ancient manuscript is the holy book of the Śvetāmbara sect.
Shrutakevalin (Śruta Kevalī) a term used in Jainism for those ascetics who have complete knowledge of Jain Agamas.Shrutakevalin and Kevalin (omniscient beings) are equal from the perspective of knowledge, but Shrutajnana is Paroksha (indirect) whereas kevala jnana (omniscience) is pratyaksha (direct).
Jain cosmology is the description of the shape and functioning of the Universe (loka) and its constituents (such as living beings, matter, space, time etc.) according to Jainism. Jain cosmology considers the universe as an uncreated entity that has existed since infinity with neither beginning nor end. [ 1 ]
Aupapātika (c. 1st-2nd century CE) [1] forms part of the 12 Jain upanga āgamas as per Śvetámbara tradition. Aupapātika is translated as “Spontaneously Arising” so named as it contains descriptions of Heavenly beings and Hellish beings who are born spontaneously.