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The Intel 8253 and 8254 are programmable interval timers (PITs), which perform timing and counting functions using three 16-bit counters. [ 1 ] The 825x family was primarily designed for the Intel 8080 / 8085 -processors, but were later used in x86 compatible systems.
The High Precision Event Timer (HPET) is a hardware timer available in modern x86-compatible personal computers.Compared to older types of timers available in the x86 architecture, HPET allows more efficient processing of highly timing-sensitive applications, such as multimedia playback and OS task switching.
The PC speaker is normally meant to reproduce a square wave via only 2 levels of output (two voltage levels, typically 0 V and 5 V), driven by channel 2 of the Intel 8253 (PC, XT) or 8254 (AT and later) Programmable Interval Timer operating in mode three (square wave signal).
The Intel 8253 PIT was the original timing device used on IBM PC compatibles.It used a 1.193182 MHz clock signal (one third of the color burst frequency used by NTSC, one twelfth of the system clock crystal oscillator, [1] therefore one quarter of the 4.77 MHz CPU clock) and contains three timers.
11 Kaby Lake-based. ... Intel Xeon E5-1620, top and bottom. P6-based Pentium II Xeon ... Xeon Platinum 8253; Xeon Platinum 8256; Xeon Platinum 8259L;
Windows 11 is the latest major release of the Windows NT operating system and the successor of Windows 10. Some features of the operating system were removed in comparison to Windows 10, and further changes in older features have occurred within subsequent feature updates to Windows 11. Following is a list of these.
The first-generation Intel APIC chip, the 82489DX, which was meant to be used with Intel 80486 and early Pentium processors, is actually an external local and I/O APIC in one circuit. The Intel MP 1.4 specification refers to it as "discrete APIC" in contrast with the "integrated APIC" found in most of the Pentium processors. [ 2 ]
Supervisor Mode Access Prevention (SMAP) is a feature of some CPU implementations such as the Intel Broadwell microarchitecture that allows supervisor mode programs to optionally set user-space memory mappings so that access to those mappings from supervisor mode will cause a trap.