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[8] [9] [verification needed] Cramer's rule can also be numerically unstable even for 2×2 systems. [10] However, Cramer's rule can be implemented with the same complexity as Gaussian elimination, [11] [12] (consistently requires twice as many arithmetic operations and has the same numerical stability when the same permutation matrices are ...
The number of distinct terms (including those with a zero coefficient) in an n-th degree equation in two variables is (n + 1)(n + 2) / 2.This is because the n-th degree terms are ,, …,, numbering n + 1 in total; the (n − 1) degree terms are ,, …,, numbering n in total; and so on through the first degree terms and , numbering 2 in total, and the single zero degree term (the constant).
[2] [3] Cramer and Leonhard Euler corresponded on the paradox in letters of 1744 and 1745 and Euler explained the problem to Cramer. [4] It has become known as Cramer's paradox after featuring in his 1750 book Introduction à l'analyse des lignes courbes algébriques, although Cramer quoted Maclaurin as the source of the statement. [5]
The solution set for the equations x − y = −1 and 3x + y = 9 is the single point (2, 3). A solution of a linear system is an assignment of values to the variables ,, …, such that each of the equations is satisfied. The set of all possible solutions is called the solution set. [5]
In number theory, Cramér's conjecture, formulated by the Swedish mathematician Harald Cramér in 1936, [1] is an estimate for the size of gaps between consecutive prime numbers: intuitively, that gaps between consecutive primes are always small, and the conjecture quantifies asymptotically just how small they must be.
The logarithmic moment generating function (which is the cumulant-generating function) of a random variable is defined as: = [ ()].Let ,, … be a sequence of iid real random variables with finite logarithmic moment generating function, i.e. () < for all .
Cramér’s decomposition theorem, a statement about the sum of normal distributed random variable Cramér's theorem (large deviations) , a fundamental result in the theory of large deviations Cramer's theorem (algebraic curves) , a result regarding the necessary number of points to determine a curve
It may be viewed as the association between two variables as a percentage of their maximum possible variation. φ c 2 is the mean square canonical correlation between the variables. [citation needed] In the case of a 2 × 2 contingency table Cramér's V is equal to the absolute value of Phi coefficient.