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Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any species of the genus Candida (a yeast). [4] When it affects the mouth, in some countries it is commonly called thrush. [3] Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat. [3]
While Candida albicans is the most common yeast species associated with vaginal thrush, infection by other types of yeast can produce similar symptoms. A Hungarian study of 370 patients with confirmed vaginal yeast infections identified the following types of infection: [18] Candida albicans: 85.7%; Non-albicans Candida (8 species): 13.2%
That is, oral candidiasis is a mycosis (yeast/fungal infection) of Candida species on the mucous membranes of the mouth. Candida albicans is the most commonly implicated organism in this condition. C. albicans is carried in the mouths of about 50% of the world's population as a normal component of the oral microbiota. [3]
Esophageal candidiasis is an opportunistic infection of the esophagus by Candida albicans. The disease usually occurs in patients in immunocompromised states, including post-chemotherapy and in AIDS. However, it can also occur in patients with no predisposing risk factors, and is more likely to be asymptomatic in those patients. [1]
Candida is a genus of yeasts. It is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide and the largest genus of medically important yeasts. [1] [2] The genus Candida encompasses about 200 species. [2] Many species are harmless commensals or endosymbionts of hosts including humans.
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast [5] that is a common member of the human gut flora.It can also survive outside the human body. [6] [7] It is detected in the gastrointestinal tract and mouth in 40–60% of healthy adults.
[3] [6] They are everywhere and infection occurs after spores are either breathed in, come into contact with skin or enter the body through the skin such as via a cut, wound or injection. [3] Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infection in people, particularly as oral or vaginal thrush, often following taking antibiotics. [3]
Thrush (bird), any of the birds in the family Turdidae List of thrush species; Antthrushes, the Formicariidae family of birds; Dohrn's warbler, or Dohrn's thrush-babbler, a species Sylvia dohrni in the family Timalidae; Laughingthrushes, birds in the family Leiothrichidae; Palm thrush, birds in the genus Cichladusa in the family Muscapidae