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The Monge gauge has two obvious limitations: If the average surface is not plane, then the Monge gauge only makes sense on length scales smaller than the curvature of the average surface. And the Monge gauge fails completely if the surface is so strongly bent that there are overhangs (points x,y corresponding to more than one z ).
In mathematics, a (real) Monge–Ampère equation is a nonlinear second-order partial differential equation of special kind. A second-order equation for the unknown function u of two variables x,y is of Monge–Ampère type if it is linear in the determinant of the Hessian matrix of u and in the second-order partial derivatives of u.
Curvature of general surfaces was first studied by Euler. In 1760 [4] he proved a formula for the curvature of a plane section of a surface and in 1771 [5] he considered surfaces represented in a parametric form. Monge laid down the foundations of their theory in his classical memoir L'application de l'analyse à la géometrie which
The Monge cone at a given point (x 0, ..., x n) is the zero locus of the equation in the tangent space at the point. The Monge equation is unrelated to the (second-order) Monge–Ampère equation . References
The normal curvature, k n, is the curvature of the curve projected onto the plane containing the curve's tangent T and the surface normal u; the geodesic curvature, k g, is the curvature of the curve projected onto the surface's tangent plane; and the geodesic torsion (or relative torsion), τ r, measures the rate of change of the surface ...
The product k 1 k 2 of the two principal curvatures is the Gaussian curvature, K, and the average (k 1 + k 2)/2 is the mean curvature, H. If at least one of the principal curvatures is zero at every point, then the Gaussian curvature will be 0 and the surface is a developable surface. For a minimal surface, the mean curvature is zero at every ...
If is the canonical vector-valued 1-form on the frame bundle, the torsion of the connection form is the vector-valued 2-form defined by the structure equation = + =, where as above D denotes the exterior covariant derivative.
These definitions E 1, E 2, and E 3 of the envelope may be different sets. Consider for instance the curve y = x 3 parametrised by γ : R → R 2 where γ(t) = (t,t 3). The one-parameter family of curves will be given by the tangent lines to γ. First we calculate the discriminant . The generating function is