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  2. Hindustani grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_grammar

    Compound verbs, a highly visible feature of Hindi–Urdu grammar, consist of a verbal stem plus a light verb. The light verb (also called "subsidiary", "explicator verb", and "vector" [ 55 ] ) loses its own independent meaning and instead "lends a certain shade of meaning" [ 56 ] to the main or stem verb, which "comprises the lexical core of ...

  3. John-Baptist Hoffmann - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John-Baptist_Hoffmann

    Hoffmann had already published a Mundari grammar (1903). A forced semi-retirement in Calcutta , because of poor health, gave him time to carry on collecting information, making studies on the Munda language, religion, culture, as well as its traditional social and political organization.

  4. Tatsama - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatsama

    [4] [5] Any tatsama vocabulary occurring in Punjabi is borrowed from Hindi/Urdu, [6] and likewise tatsama words in languages spoken further west are likely to be indirect loans of Hindi/Urdu words used in Punjabi. Very few of these are used in colloquial speech, and their use tends to be limited to formal settings or Hindu religious contexts.

  5. Loan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loan

    Interest rates on unsecured loans are nearly always higher than for secured loans because an unsecured lender's options for recourse against the borrower in the event of default are severely limited, subjecting the lender to higher risk compared to that encountered for a secured loan. An unsecured lender must sue the borrower, obtain a money ...

  6. Hindi pronouns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi_Pronouns

    The personal pronouns and possessives in Modern Standard Hindi of the Hindustani language displays a higher degree of inflection than other parts of speech. Personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject ( nominative ), a direct object ( accusative ), an indirect object ( dative ), or a reflexive object.

  7. Calque - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque

    In linguistics, a calque (/ k æ l k /) or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation.When used as a verb, “to calque” means to borrow a word or phrase from another language while translating its components, so as to create a new word or phrase in the target language.

  8. Peer-to-peer lending - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer_lending

    Other forms of peer-to-peer lending include student loans, commercial and real estate loans, payday loans, as well as secured business loans, leasing, and factoring. [ 8 ] The interest rates can be set by lenders who compete for the lowest rate on the reverse auction model or fixed by the intermediary company on the basis of an analysis of the ...

  9. Borrowing (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrowing_(linguistics)

    In linguistics, borrowing is a type of language change in which a language or dialect undergoes change as a result of contact with another language or dialect. In typical cases of borrowing, speakers of one language (the "recipient" language) adopt into their own speech a novel linguistic feature that they were exposed to due to its presence in a different language (the "source" or "donor ...