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"Substance use pertains to using select substances such as alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, etc. that can cause dependence or harmful side effects."On the other hand, substance abuse is the use of drugs such as prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, or alcohol for purposes other than what they are intended for or using them in excessive ...
Exposure to nicotine and its great risk of developing an addiction, are areas of significant concern. [ 7 ] Nicotine is a parasympathomimetic stimulant [ 8 ] that binds to and activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, [ 9 ] which subsequently causes the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters , such as norepinephrine ...
In drug addiction, the drug-seeking behaviors become reinforced by the rush of dopamine that follows the administration of a drug of abuse. The effects of drugs of abuse on the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been studied extensively. [16] Drugs of abuse change the complexity of dendritic branching as well as ...
Amygdalin (Laetrile) is a toxic drug that is not effective as a cancer treatment". Additionally, "No controlled clinical trials (trials that compare groups of patients who receive the new treatment to groups who do not) of laetrile have been reported." [24] The side effects of laetrile treatment are the symptoms of cyanide poisoning.
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...
Amphetamines are a drug used to commonly treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Past studies link amphetamine use to possibly developing the psychiatric disorder ...
Children who are under stress, experiencing loss or grief, or have other underlying disorders are at a higher risk for depression. Childhood depression is often comorbid with mental disorders outside of other mood disorders, most commonly anxiety disorder and conduct disorder. Highlighting the pivotal role of adolescence and young adulthood ...
The report flagged that energy drinks bring higher risks of kidney failure, respiratory disorders, and even seizures. More recently, health officials at UCLA warned about the increased phenomenon ...