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The system began operating on 1 November 1974, and currently comprises 1,300 stations throughout Japan (of which over 1,100 are unstaffed), with an average separation of 17 km (11 mi). Observations at staffed stations cover weather, wind direction and speed , types and amounts of precipitation , types and base heights of clouds, visibility ...
The Köppen climate classification system was modified further within the Trewartha climate classification system in 1966 (revised in 1980). The Trewartha system sought to create a more refined middle latitude climate zone, which was one of the criticisms of the Köppen system (the climate group C was too general). [10]: 200–1
The highest recorded temperature in Japan was 41.1 °C (106.0 °F) on 23 July 2018, an unverified record of 42.7 °C was taken in Adachi, Tokyo on 20 July 2004. The high humidity and the maritime influence make temperatures in the 40s rare, with summers dominated by a more stable subtropical monsoon pattern through most of Japan.
Leslie Holdridge defined the subtropical climates as having a mean annual biotemperature between the frost line or critical temperature line, 16 °C to 18 °C (depending on locations in the world) and 24 °C. [1] The frost line separates the warm temperate region from the subtropical region.
[a] The all-time lowest recorded temperature in Phoenix was 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 7, 1913, while the coldest daily high temperature ever recorded was 36 °F (2 °C) on December 10, 1898. The longest continuous stretch without a day of frost in Phoenix was nearly eight years, from December 27, 1990, to December 23, 1998.
In July 2024, temperatures in Japan reached 2.16°C higher than its July averages, breaking the record set in July 2023 at 1.91°C higher. [1] On 29 July, temperatures reached 41 °C (106 °F) at Sano in Tochigi Prefecture, and met or exceeded 40 °C (104 °F) in six other locations that included Hamamatsu in Shizuoka Prefecture. [4]
The temperature range of the sinking North Pacific Subtropical Mode Waters characteristically falls between 16 °C and 19 °C, however exact temperatures and depths to which these waters sink varies annually depending on the efficiency of water transportation by the extension, which is a function of atmospheric and mesoscale eddy conditions. [56]
Since the establishment of the first weather station in Hakodate in 1872, Japan has recorded temperature changes across the country. According to the data provided by Japan Meteorological Agency, the maximum recorded temperature in Japan was 41.1°C in Hamamatsu on August 17, 2020, and Kumagaya on July, 23, 2018, while the minimum recorded temperature was −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) in Asahikawa ...