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An allele [1] (or allelomorph) is a variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular location, or locus, on a DNA molecule. [2]Alleles can differ at a single position through single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), [3] but they can also have insertions and deletions of up to several thousand base pairs.
A cell or organism that is homozygous for a locus at which the two homologous alleles are identical by descent, both having been derived from a single gene in a common ancestor. [8] Contrast allozygote .
Each of these genes has two alleles, a dominant one that codes for a working protein (A and B respectively) and a recessive one that codes for a malfunctioning protein (a and b respectively). Since both proteins are necessary for the synthesis of red pigmentation in the eyes, if a given fly is homozygous for either a or b , it will have white eyes.
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Genes may possess multiple variants known as alleles, and an allele may also be said to reside at a particular locus. Diploid and polyploid cells whose chromosomes have the same allele at a given locus are called homozygous with respect to that locus, while those that have different alleles at a given locus are called heterozygous. [3]
A cell or organism that is homozygous for a locus at which the two homologous alleles are identical by descent, both having been derived from a single gene in a common ancestor. [4] Contrast allozygote. auxesis The growth of a multicellular organism due to an increase in the size of its cells rather than an increase in the number of cells. axenic
The majority of polymorphisms are silent, meaning they do not alter the function or expression of a gene. [3] Some polymorphisms are visible. For example, in dogs the E locus can have any of five different alleles, known as E, E m, E g, E h, and e. [4] Varying combinations of these alleles contribute to the pigmentation and patterns seen in dog ...
Cell sorting: if the gene is a surface protein, and there is the allele-specific antibody, this technique can be used to detect presence or absence of fixed or dynamic RME by running the same cell over the time. Single cell resolution. Live cell imaging: results in expression dynamics over time.