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Thailand's Pollution Control Department (PCD) and other agencies have developed standards in order to reduce air pollution. The standards focus on shifting to lower-emissions vehicle engines and improving public transportation. In 1999, 80% of the motorcycles on the road in Bangkok had environmentally unfriendly two-stroke engines. [32]
Air pollution levels in Bangkok have increased since 2019, following trends of increasing pollution in Northern Thailand. [4] Approximately 60% of the city's air pollution can be traced to transportation, with industrial emissions as the second largest contributor. [5] Agricultural emissions in nearby provinces is likewise a contributor. [6] [5]
A fuel-air or fuel-oxygen mixture is partially combusted, resulting in a hydrogen- and carbon monoxide-rich syngas. More hydrogen and carbon dioxide are then obtained from carbon monoxide (and water) via the water-gas shift reaction. [ 35 ]
Hydrogen can be deployed as a fuel in two distinct ways: in fuel cells which produce electricity, and via combustion to generate heat. [58] When hydrogen is consumed in fuel cells, the only emission at the point of use is water vapor. [58] Combustion of hydrogen can lead to the thermal formation of harmful nitrogen oxides emissions. [58]
Toxic smog from burning farms shroud large swathes of Thailand at the beginning of every year. Thailand: 10 million sought treatment for pollution-related illnesses in 2023 Skip to main content
The reformer– the fuel-cell system is still being researched but in the near term, systems would continue to run on existing fuels, such as natural gas or gasoline or diesel. However, there is an active debate about whether using these fuels to make hydrogen is beneficial while global warming is an issue.
Hydrogen is not a primary energy source, because it is not naturally occurring as a fuel. It is, however, widely regarded as an ideal energy storage medium, due to the ease with which electricity can convert water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis and can be converted back to electrical power using a fuel cell or hydrogen turbine. [ 3 ]
With the help of renewable electricity, water can be separated into its components, hydrogen and oxygen, as part of water electrolysis. To produce e-fuels, a synthesis gas consisting of hydrogen and carbon dioxide is provided, which is then converted into hydrocarbons in a subsequent synthesis process, which can then be used as a fuel.