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The density can be calculated by dividing the grammage of paper (in grams per square metre or "gsm") by its caliper (usually in micrometres, occasionally in mils). [1] The "ISO 534:2011, Paper and board — Determination of thickness, density and specific volume" indicates that the paper density is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm ...
Set-off is measured at two different time intervals, 0.35s and 3s. A freshly printed surface is pressed against a paper after 0.35s and after 3s. Then the set-off density is measured. The idea behind selecting these two timings is to know what will be the set-off when the materials are used in a high-speed press and a low-speed press.
Grammage and basis weight, in the pulp and paper industry, are the area density of a paper product, that is, its mass per unit of area. Two ways of expressing the area density of a paper product are commonly used: Expressed in grams (g) per square metre (g/m 2), regardless of its thickness [1] (known as grammage). This is the measure used in ...
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The paperboard sector is mainly looked at in conjunction with the paper industry. The Paper & Paperboard market size (2007) had a value of US$630.9 billion and a volume of 320.3 million metric tons. [5] Of that market 40.1% is European. About 50% of all produced paper is used for packaging, followed by printing and writing. [5]
The telephone cables have a large number of conductors that are individually insulated. The paper needs to be thin (30-40 g/m 2). A normal power cable needs more insulation and therefore paper with higher paper density is used, normally 60-190 g/m 2. The paper needs to be strong, elastic, uniform and free of holes or debris.
A book paper (or publishing paper) is a paper that is designed specifically for the publication of printed books.. Traditionally, book papers are off-white or low-white papers (easier to read), are opaque to minimise the show-through of text from one side of the page to the other, and are (usually) made to tighter caliper or thickness specifications, particularly for case-bound books.
In the 1980s started the commercialization of air-laid paper, which gave better bulk, porosity, strength, softness, and water absorption properties compared with normal tissue paper. Also in the 1980s started the use of superabsorbents in diapers and reduced the need for fluff pulp and is now down to 15 grams or even less.