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Richmann's law, [1] [2] sometimes referred to as Richmann's rule, [3] Richmann's mixing rule, [4] Richmann's rule of mixture [5] or Richmann's law of mixture, [6] is a physical law for calculating the mixing temperature when pooling multiple bodies. [5]
In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It provides a theoretical upper- and lower-bound on properties such as the elastic modulus , ultimate tensile strength , thermal conductivity , and electrical conductivity . [ 3 ]
The Lorentz rule was proposed by H. A. Lorentz in 1881: [5] = + The Lorentz rule is only analytically correct for hard sphere systems. Intuitively, since , loosely reflect the radii of particle i and j respectively, their averages can be said to be the effective radii between the two particles at which point repulsive interactions become severe.
The Wilke mixing rule is capable of describing the correct viscosity behavior of gas mixtures showing a nonlinear and non-monotonical behavior, or showing a characteristic bump shape, when the viscosity is plotted versus mass density at critical temperature, for mixtures containing molecules of very different sizes.
The activity coefficient model is used to adapt the equation of state parameters for mixtures by a so-called mixing rule. [5] The usage of an equation of state introduces all thermodynamic relations defined for equations of state into the VTPR model. This allows the calculation of densities, enthalpies, heat capacities, and more. [6]
PSRK (short for Predictive Soave–Redlich–Kwong) [1] is an estimation method for the calculation of phase equilibria of mixtures of chemical components. The original goal for the development of this method was to enable the estimation of properties of mixtures containing supercritical components.
Hume-Rothery rules, named after William Hume-Rothery, are a set of basic rules that describe the conditions under which an element could dissolve in a metal, forming a solid solution. There are two sets of rules; one refers to substitutional solid solutions, and the other refers to interstitial solid solutions.
Miedema introduced his approach in several papers, beginning in 1973 in Philips Technical Review Magazine with "A simple model for alloys". [4] [5]Miedema described his motivation with "Reliable rules for the alloying behaviour of metals have long been sought.