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Epistemic injustice is injustice related to knowledge. It includes exclusion and silencing ; systematic distortion or misrepresentation of one's meanings or contributions; undervaluing of one's status or standing in communicative practices; unfair distinctions in authority; and unwarranted distrust.
Intellectual responsibility (also known as epistemic responsibility) is the quality of being adequately reflective about the truth of one's beliefs. [1] People are intellectually responsible if they have tried hard enough to be reflective about the truth of their beliefs, aiming not to miss any information that would cause them to abandon those ...
Fallibilism claims that legitimate epistemic justifications can lead to false beliefs, whereas academic skepticism claims that no legitimate epistemic justifications exist (acatalepsy). Fallibilism is also different to epoché, a suspension of judgement, often accredited to Pyrrhonian skepticism .
In philosophy, infallibilism (sometimes called "epistemic infallibilism") is the view that knowing the truth of a proposition is incompatible with there being any possibility that the proposition could be false.
Epistemic innocence is a psychological phenomenon that applies to epistemically costly and epistemically beneficial cognition. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It determines the relationship between a cognition's psychological and epistemic benefits.
Epistemic closure [1] is a property of some belief systems. It is the principle that if a subject S {\displaystyle S} knows p {\displaystyle p} , and S {\displaystyle S} knows that p {\displaystyle p} entails q {\displaystyle q} , then S {\displaystyle S} can thereby come to know q {\displaystyle q} .
Epistemic privilege or privileged access is the philosophical concept that certain knowledge, such as knowledge of one's own thoughts, can be apprehended directly by a given person and not by others. [1] This implies one has access to, and direct self-knowledge of, their own thoughts in such a way that others do not. [2]
Knowledge and Its Limits, a 2000 book by philosopher Timothy Williamson, [1] argues that the concept of knowledge cannot be analyzed into a set of other concepts; instead, it is sui generis.