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2. Drain-waste-vent system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain-waste-vent_system

   In the U.S., every plumbing fixture must also be coupled to the system's vent piping. [1] Without a vent, negative pressure can slow the flow of water leaving the system, resulting in clogs, or cause siphonage to empty a trap. The high point of the vent system (the top of its "soil stack") must be open to the exterior at atmospheric pressure.

3. Stack effect - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_effect

   The stack effect in industrial flue gas stacks is similar to that in buildings, except that it involves hot flue gases having large temperature differences with the ambient outside air. Furthermore, an industrial flue gas stack typically provides little obstruction for the flue gas along its length and is, in fact, normally optimized to enhance ...

4. Trap (plumbing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_(plumbing)

   In the United States, plumbing codes usually provide strict limitations on how far a trap may be located from the nearest vent stack. When a vent cannot be provided, an air admittance valve may be used instead. These devices avoid negative pressure in the drain pipe by venting room air into the drain pipe (behind the trap).

5. Sewer gas - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewer_gas

   Sewer gas is typically restricted from entering buildings through plumbing traps that create a water seal at potential points of entry. In addition, plumbing vents allow sewer gases to be exhausted outdoors. Infrequently used plumbing fixtures may allow sewer gas to enter a home due to evaporation of water in the trap, especially in warm ...

6. Ventilation (architecture) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation_(architecture)

   There are three types of natural ventilation occurring in buildings: wind-driven ventilation, pressure-driven flows, and stack ventilation. [15] The pressures generated by 'the stack effect' rely upon the buoyancy of heated or rising air. Wind-driven ventilation relies upon the force of the prevailing wind to pull and push air through the ...

7. Chimney - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney

   The term smokestack (colloquially, stack) is also used when referring to locomotive chimneys or ship chimneys, and the term funnel can also be used. [1] [2] The height of a chimney influences its ability to transfer flue gases to the external environment via stack effect. Additionally, the dispersion of pollutants at higher altitudes can reduce ...