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The active crater at Kawah Ijen has a diameter of 722 metres (2,369 ft) and a surface area of 0.41 square kilometres (0.16 sq mi). It is 200 metres (660 ft) deep and has a volume of 36 cubic hectometres (29,000 acre⋅ft). The lake is recognised as the largest highly acidic crater lake in the world. [1]
The crater of Kawah Ijen is the world's largest blue flame area. [1] Kawah Ijen has large amounts of sulfur deposits and fumaroles , and the high temperatures from the underground volcanic heat frequently combusts the sulfur on the surface of the volcano, producing the blue fires. [ 4 ]
Kawah Putih (Sundanese: ᮊᮝᮂ ᮕᮥᮒᮤᮂ) (English: White Crater) is a crater lake and tourist spot in a volcanic crater about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. [1] Kawah Putih Lake (7.10° S 107.24° E) is one of the two craters that make up Mount Patuha, an andesitic stratovolcano (a "composite" volcano). [2]
Ijen has a unique colourful caldera lake which is an extremely acidic natural reservoir (pH<0.3). [17] There are sulfur mining activities at Ijen, where miners collect highly concentrated sulfur rocks by hand.
A volcanic crater lake is a lake in a crater that was formed by explosive activity or a collapse during a ... Ijen: Indonesia, Java: Kawah Putih, Mount Patuha ...
Kawah Putih in Southern Bandung is the most beautiful Volcanic crater lake in Java beside of Ijen. Tourism is an important industry in West Java, and the Bandung and Puncak areas have long been known as popular weekend destinations for Jakartans.
Crater Lake Institute Director and limnologist Owen Hoffman states that "Crater Lake is the deepest, when compared on the basis of average depth among lakes whose basins are entirely above sea level. The average depths of Lakes Baikal and Tanganyika are deeper than Crater Lake; however, both have basins that extend below sea level." [19] [21]
The Ijen volcano complex is located on East Java, Indonesia. An active vent at the edge of a crater lake is a source of elemental sulfur, and supports a labor-intensive mining operation. Escaping volcanic gases are channeled through a network of ceramic pipes, resulting in condensation of molten sulfur.