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In females, the paramesonephric ducts give rise to the uterine tubes, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina, while the mesonephric ducts degenerate due to the absence of male androgens. In contrast, the paramesonephric ducts begin to proliferate and differentiate in a cranial-caudal progression to form the aforementioned structures.
In the male, the paramesonephric ducts atrophy (but traces of their anterior ends are represented by the appendix of testis of the male), while their terminal fused portions form the prostatic utricle in the floor of the prostatic urethra. This is due to the production of anti-Müllerian hormone by the Sertoli cells of the testes.
In a male embryo, the testicular cords will induce the development of the Wolffian duct into the vas deferens, epididymis and the seminal vesicle and cause the repression and regression of the Mullerian duct. [4] The other male sex organs (ex. the prostate) as well as external genitalia are also formed under the influence of testosterone. [4]
The internal genitalia consist of two accessory ducts: mesonephric ducts (male) and paramesonephric ducts (female). The mesonephric system is the precursor to the male genitalia and the paramesonephric to the female reproductive system. [8] As development proceeds, one of the pairs of ducts develops while the other regresses.
m, m. Right and left Müllerian ducts uniting together and running with the Wolffian ducts in gc, the genital cord: m. Müllerian duct, the upper part of which remains as the hydatid of Morgagni; the lower part, represented by a dotted line descending to the prostatic utricle, constitutes the occasionally existing cornu and tube of the uterus ...
The Müllerian ducts atrophy, but traces of their anterior ends are represented by the appendices testis (hydatids of Morgagni of the male), while their terminal fused portions form the utriculus on the floor of the prostatic urethra. This is due to the production of anti-Müllerian hormone by the Sertoli cells of the testes. [29]
In the mature male, the function of this system is to store and mature sperm, and provide accessory semen fluid.The mesonephric duct (precursor of the male reproductive system) forms around the 3-4th week of pregnancy, present before the paramesonephric duct (precursor of the female reproductive system).
AMH is activated by SOX9 in the Sertoli cells of the male fetus. [8] Its expression inhibits the development of the female reproductive tract, or Müllerian ducts (paramesonephric ducts), in the male embryo, thereby arresting the development of fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina.