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S.aureus produces two forms of coagulase (i.e., bound coagulase and free coagulase). Bound coagulase, otherwise known as "clumping factor", can be detected by carrying out a slide coagulase test, and free coagulase can be detected using a tube coagulase test.
Clumping factor A, or ClfA, is a virulence factor from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) that binds to fibrinogen. ClfA also has been shown to bind to complement regulator I protein. [1] It is responsible for the clumping of blood plasma observed when adding S. aureus to human plasma. Clumping factor can be detected by the slide test.
The previously mentioned protein A, as well as clumping factor, are surface proteins that allow the bacteria to bind to host cells. [20] [7] S. pseudintermedius has been found to produce biofilms, an extracellular matrix of protein, DNA, and polysaccharide, which aids the bacteria in avoiding the host immune system and resisting drugs. [6]
Staphylococcus schleiferi is a Gram-positive, cocci-shaped bacterium of the family Staphylococcaceae. [1] It is facultatively anaerobic, coagulase-variable, and can be readily cultured on blood agar where the bacterium tends to form opaque, non-pigmented colonies and beta (β) hemolysis. [2]
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin. It is often positive for catalase and nitrate reduction and is a facultative anaerobe, meaning that it can grow without oxygen. [1]
Staphylococcus intermedius is a Gram-positive, catalase positive member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci. Strains of this species were originally isolated from the anterior nares of pigeons, dogs, cats, mink, and horses. Many of the isolated strains show coagulase activity. [2]
If clumping is seen, the Coombs test is positive; if not, the Coombs test is negative. [ 3 ] Common clinical uses of the Coombs test include the preparation of blood for transfusion in cross-matching , atypical antibodies in the blood plasma of pregnant women as part of antenatal care , and detection of antibodies for the diagnosis of immune ...
Most strains of S. hyicus are coagulase positive; however, some strains isolated from both pigs and cattle have been found to be coagulase negative so it can be considered coagulase variable. [1] [20] [22] [7] This variability can make it difficult to tell apart from similar bacteria such as Staphlococcus agnetis without PCR based methods or ...