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A typical schedule for complete disinfestation of dry grain (<13% moisture content) with carbon dioxide at approximately 25 °C is a concentration above 35%(v/v) carbon dioxide in air for at least 15 days. [3] These atmospheres can be created either by: Adding pure carbon dioxide or nitrogen, or the low oxygen exhausts of hydrocarbon combustion, or
Humans are the main indoor source of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in most buildings. Indoor CO 2 levels are an indicator of the adequacy of outdoor air ventilation relative to indoor occupant density and metabolic activity. Indoor CO 2 levels above 500 ppm can lead to higher blood pressure and heart rate, and increased peripheral blood circulation. [85]
Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) is a feedback control method to maintain indoor air quality that automatically adjusts the ventilation rate provided to a space in response to changes in conditions such as occupant number or indoor pollutant concentration. The most common indoor pollutants monitored in DCV systems are carbon dioxide and ...
Naturally ventilation can also be used without mechanical ventilation system if the design follows Natural Ventilation Procedure in ASHRAE 62.1, CIBSE AM10, AS 1668.4 at least 90% of the project area. Ventilation monitoring can be only solution if carbon dioxide level is met under 900 ppm indoor and 500 ppm outdoor. [3]
Such standards generally are expressed as levels of specific air pollutants that are deemed acceptable in ambient air, and are most often designed to reduce or eliminate the human health effects of air pollution, although secondary effects such as crop and building damage may also be considered. [5]
In Asia, adoption of indoor agriculture has been driven by consumer demand for quality. [16] The Recirculating Farms Coalition is a US trade organization for hydroponic farmers. [17] A 2020 survey of indoor farming in the U.S. [18] found that indoor production was: 26% leafy greens, 20% herbs; 16% microgreens; 10% tomatoes; 28% other
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The CO 2 compensation point (Γ) is the CO 2 concentration at which the rate of photosynthesis exactly matches the rate of respiration. There is a significant difference in Γ between C 3 plants and C 4 plants: on land, the typical value for Γ in a C 3 plant ranges from 40–100 μmol/mol, while in C 4 plants the values are lower at 3–10 μmol/mol. Plants with a weaker CCM, such as C2 ...