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In object-oriented computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior.The null object design pattern, which describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof), was first published as "Void Value" [1] and later in the Pattern Languages of Program Design book series as "Null Object".
This allows C#, unlike Java, to support objects with encapsulation that are not reference types. In Java, compound types are synonymous with reference types; methods cannot be defined for a type unless it is also a class reference type. In C# the concepts of encapsulation and methods have been decoupled from the reference requirement so that a ...
Infinite loops are used to assure a program segment loops forever or until an exceptional ... In Object Pascal, D, Java, C#, ... FileStream stm = null; // C# example ...
The active object design pattern decouples method execution from method invocation for objects that each reside in their own thread of control. [1] The goal is to introduce concurrency, by using asynchronous method invocation and a scheduler for handling requests. [2] The pattern consists of six elements: [3]
The original form of the pattern, appearing in Pattern Languages of Program Design 3, [2] has data races, depending on the memory model in use, and it is hard to get right. Some consider it to be an anti-pattern. [3] There are valid forms of the pattern, including the use of the volatile keyword in Java and explicit memory barriers in C++. [4]
For example, the pyramid of doom is commonly seen when checking for null pointers or handling callbacks. [1] Two examples of the term are related to a particular programming style in early versions of JavaScript, [2] and the nesting of if statements that occurs in object-oriented programming languages when one of the objects may be a null ...
An example of the application of marker interfaces from the Java programming language is the Serializable interface: package java.io ; public interface Serializable { } A class implements this interface to indicate that its non- transient data members can be written to an ObjectOutputStream .
In computer programming, lazy initialization is the tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed.