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Aira caldera is located at Kyushu, the southernmost island of Japan. The supervolcano peaks at 1117 m. [6]The eruption forming the Aira Caldera, occurred approximately 30,000 years ago, and resulted in tephra and ignimbrite from a vast amount of magma affecting the nearby land.
Sakurajima is a modern active vent of the same Aira caldera volcano. Sakurajima was formed by later activity within the caldera, beginning about 13,000 years ago. [9] It is about 8 km (5 mi) south of the centre of the caldera. Its first eruption in recorded history was in 963 AD. [10]
≥10 29.1 Y3 6 Emmons Lake caldera: SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc 50 29.3 Dawson Tephra 6 Nemrut yanardağı: Turkey: 65.4 29.7 7-8 Aira Caldera: Kyūshū: 940 - 1,040 [2] 30 [3] Ito Ignimbrite 6 Nemo Peak: Onekotan, Kuril Islands: 10 30.8 Nemo III 6 Shiveluch: Kamchatka >30 32.2 caldera formation 6 Volcán Los Azufres: Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt 11
The Buru Caldera cuts the SW flank of the Witori volcano. [2] Sakurajima, Kyūshū, Japan, is a volcano of the Aira Caldera. The Mount Unzen volcanic complex, East of Nagasaki, Japan, comprises three large stratovolcanoes with complex structures, Kinugasa on the North, Fugen-dake at the East-center, and Kusenbu on the South.
Eruption Source(s) 71,000 to 250,100+ Mount Tambora: 7 Indonesia: 1815 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, Year Without a Summer: 36,000+ Krakatoa: 6 Indonesia: 1883 1883 eruption of Krakatoa: 30,000 Mount Pelée: 4 Martinique: 1902 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée: 23,000 Nevado del Ruiz: 3 Colombia: 1985 Armero tragedy: 20,000~ (estimated) Santorini ...
Mount Mazama's eruption timeline, an example of caldera formation. A caldera (/ k ɔː l ˈ d ɛr ə, k æ l-/ [1] kawl-DERR-ə, kal-) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption. An eruption that ejects large volumes of magma over a short period of time can cause significant ...
Such eruptions release a tephra volume of at least 100 km 3 (24 cu mi) with devastating long-term effects on the surrounding area and profound short-term effects on global climate. For smaller volcanoes that have erupted at least 10 km 3 (2.4 cu mi) of tephra at a time, see Category:VEI-6 volcanoes .
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