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  2. Hydrohalogenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrohalogenation

    A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different number of hydrogen atoms, the halogen is found preferentially at the carbon with fewer ...

  3. Markovnikov's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markovnikov's_rule

    The rule states that with the addition of a protic acid HX or other polar reagent to an asymmetric alkene, the acid hydrogen (H) or electropositive part gets attached to the carbon with more hydrogen substituents, and the halide (X) group or electronegative part gets attached to the carbon with more alkyl substituents. This is in contrast to ...

  4. Halogen addition reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen_addition_reaction

    A halogen addition reaction is a simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene functional group. [1] The general chemical formula of the halogen addition reaction is: C=C + X 2 → X−C−C−X (X represents the halogens bromine or chlorine, and in this case, a solvent could be CH 2 ...

  5. Syn and anti addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syn_and_anti_addition

    In organic chemistry, syn-and anti-addition are different ways in which substituent molecules can be added to an alkene (R 2 C=CR 2) or alkyne (RC≡CR).The concepts of syn and anti addition are used to characterize the different reactions of organic chemistry by reflecting the stereochemistry of the products in a reaction.

  6. Halogenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenation

    The addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via intermediate halonium ions. In special cases, such intermediates have been isolated. [5] Bromination is more selective than chlorination because the reaction is less exothermic. Illustrative of the bromination of an alkene is the route to the anesthetic halothane from trichloroethylene: [6]

  7. Alkene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkene

    Alkenes react with percarboxylic acids and even hydrogen peroxide to yield epoxides: RCH=CH 2 + RCO 3 H → RCHOCH 2 + RCO 2 H. For ethylene, the epoxidation is conducted on a very large scale industrially using oxygen in the presence of silver-based catalysts: C 2 H 4 + 1/ 2 O 2 → C 2 H 4 O. Alkenes react with ozone, leading to the scission ...

  8. Regioselectivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regioselectivity

    Among the first introduced to chemistry students are Markovnikov's rule for the addition of protic acids to alkenes, and the Fürst-Plattner rule for the addition of nucleophiles to derivatives of cyclohexene, especially epoxide derivatives. [4] [5] Regioselectivity in ring-closure reactions is subject to Baldwin's rules.

  9. Free-radical addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-radical_addition

    In general, the adding radical attacks the alkene at the most sterically accessible (typically, least substituted) carbon; the radical then stabilizes on the more substituted carbon. [3]: 188, 751 The result is typically anti-Markovnikov addition, a phenomenon Morris Kharasch called the "peroxide effect". [4]