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Dysgraphia can be difficult to diagnose because the handwriting starts out clear and slowly degrades, making the writer falsely appear lazy. Motor dysgraphia (sometimes called peripheral dysgraphia) [16] is due to deficient fine motor skills, poor dexterity, poor muscle tone or unspecified motor clumsiness.
Lexical and structural agraphia are caused by damage to the orthographic memory; these individuals cannot visualize the spelling of a word, though they do retain the ability to sound them out. [2] This impaired spelling memory can imply the loss or degradation of the knowledge or just an inability to efficiently access it. [2]
Dyslexia is believed to be caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. [2] Some cases run in families. [3] Dyslexia that develops due to a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia is sometimes called "acquired dyslexia" [1] or alexia. [3]
Anomic aphasia occurring by itself may be caused by damage to almost anywhere in the left hemisphere and in some cases can be seen in instances of right hemisphere damage. [7] Anomia can be genetic or caused by damage to various parts of the parietal lobe or the temporal lobe of the brain due to traumatic injury, stroke, or a brain tumor. [8]
The stroke caused aphasia — damage to parts of the brain responsible for language — which left Adelekun struggling for words. It was crushing for a woman who calls herself a “born talker ...
Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that primarily affects the skills involved in accurate and fluent word reading and spelling. Characteristic features of dyslexia are difficulties in phonological awareness, verbal memory and verbal processing speed. Dyslexia occurs across the range of intellectual abilities.
This lesion can be caused by a variety of different methods: malfunctioning blood vessels (caused, for example, by a stroke) in the brain are the cause of 80% of aphasias in adults, as compared to head injuries, dementia and degenerative diseases, poisoning, metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and demyelinating diseases. [4]
Patients with this deficit mostly do have a stroke to the posterior cerebral artery. But they may be susceptible to pure alexia as a consequence of other traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) as well. Anything that stops proper blood flow to the area necessary for normal reading abilities will cause a form of alexia. [9]