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The aluminum-cased types are designed to be attached to a heat sink to dissipate the heat; the rated power is dependent on being used with a suitable heat sink, e.g., a 50 W power rated resistor overheats at a fraction of the power dissipation if not used with a heat sink. Large wirewound resistors may be rated for 1,000 watts or more.
Voltage-controlled resistors are one of the most commonly used analog design blocks: adaptive analog filters, [1] automatic gain-control circuits, clock generators, [2] compressors, [3] electrometers, [4] energy harvesters, [5] expanders, [6] hearing aids, [7] light dimmers, [8] modulators (mixers), [9] artificial neural networks, [10] programmable-gain amplifiers, [11] phased arrays, [12 ...
Various resistor types of different shapes and sizes. A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.
The common-emitter circuit is the most widely used of junction transistor amplifiers. As compared with the common-base connection, it has higher input impedance and lower output impedance. A single power supply is easily used for biasing. In addition, higher voltage and power gains are usually obtained for common-emitter (CE) operation.
The actual output impedance for most devices is not the same as the rated output impedance. A power amplifier may have a rated impedance of 8 ohms, but the actual output impedance will vary depending on circuit conditions. The rated output impedance is the impedance into which the amplifier can deliver its maximum amount of power without failing.
An amplifier that is said to have a gain of 20 dB might have a voltage gain of 20 dB and an available power gain of much more than 20 dB (power ratio of 100)—yet actually deliver a much lower power gain if, for example, the input is from a 600 Ω microphone and the output connects to a 47 kΩ input socket for a power amplifier. In general ...
Limited output power — if high power output is desired, an op-amp specifically designed for that purpose must be used. Most op-amps are designed for low-power operation and are typically only able to drive output resistances down to 2 kΩ. Limited output current — the output current must obviously be finite. In practice, most op-amps are ...
The LDMOS in particular is the most widely used power amplifier in mobile networks such as 2G, 3G, [89] 4G and 5G, [90] as well as broadcasting and amateur radio. [91] Over 50 billion discrete power MOSFETs are shipped annually, as of 2018.