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Detonation (from Latin detonare 'to thunder down/forth') [1] is a type of combustion involving a supersonic exothermic front accelerating through a medium that eventually drives a shock front propagating directly in front of it.
Because of these characteristics, detonation spraying is able to apply low porous (below 1%) and low oxygen content (between 0.1 and 0.5%) protective coatings that protect against corrosion, abrasion and adhesion under low load. This process allows the application of very hard and dense surface coatings which are useful as wear resistant ...
David Chapman [3] and Émile Jouguet [4] originally (c. 1900) stated the condition for an infinitesimally thin detonation. A physical interpretation of the condition is usually based on the later modelling (c. 1943) by Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich , [ 5 ] John von Neumann , [ 6 ] and Werner Döring [ 7 ] (the so-called ZND detonation model ).
This test establishes the minimum physical size a charge of a specific explosive must be to sustain its own detonation wave. The procedure involves the detonation of a series of charges of different diameters until difficulty in detonation wave propagation is observed. Massive-diameter detonation velocity.
The phenomenon is exploited in pulse detonation engines, because a detonation produces a more efficient combustion of the reactants than a deflagration does, i.e. giving a higher yields. Such engines typically employ a Shchelkin spiral in the combustion chamber to facilitate the deflagration to detonation transition. [2] [3]
Typical detonation velocities for organic dust mixtures range from 1400 to 1650 m/s. [2] Gas explosions can either deflagrate or detonate based on confinement; detonation velocities are generally around 1700 m/s [3] [4] [5] but can be as high as 3000 m/s. [6] Solid explosives often have detonation velocities ranging beyond 4000 m/s to 10300 m/s.
The detonation velocity values presented here are typically for the highest practical density which maximizes achievable detonation velocity. [ 1 ] The velocity of detonation is an important indicator for overall energy and power of detonation, and in particular for the brisance or shattering effect of an explosive which is due to the ...
The test was designed as a scaled-down investigation of the effects of a 23-kiloton ground-penetrating gun-type fission weapon that was then being considered for use as a cratering and bunker-buster weapon. [13] The explosion resulted in a cloud that rose to 11,500 ft (3,500 m), and deposited fallout to the north and north-northeast. [14]