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Schema showing jurisdictional dualism in the French legal system. France has a dual system of law: one system deals with private relationships, and is sometimes called "private law" (droit privé) or "ordinary law" (droit commun), and the other system which covers administrative officials, and is called "administrative law" (droit administratif).
The penal code project was discussed in the Parliament between 1989 and 1991. Book I was approved in 1991 and was rapidly followed by Books II, III and IV. The nouveau code pénal (new penal code, as it was initially known) was the result of several laws promulgated July 22, 1992, which took effect on March 1, 1994.
The principle of legality [1] [2] [a] (French: principe de légalité) is one of the most fundamental principles of French criminal law, and goes back to the Penal Code of 1791 adopted during the French Revolution, [citation needed] and before that, was developed by Italian criminologist Cesare Beccaria and by Montesquieu. [4]
[131] État de droit is one of many ways that the principle of "rule of law" is rendered in French, including: prééminence du droit, primauté du droit, principe de droit, régime de droit, règne du droit, respect de la loi, principe de légalité, or communauté de droit.
République française; Secrétariat général du gouvernement (19 October 2022). "Légifrance Le service public de la diffusion du droit" [The public service for dissemination of the law]. Légifrance. Direction de l'information légale et administrative. ISSN 2270-8987. OCLC 867599055. Merle, Roger; Vitu, André (1984). Traité de droit ...
Introduction historique au droit, 2nd rev'd edn. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1999. ISBN 2-13-049621-0. Castaldo, André. Introduction historique au droit, 2nd edn. Paris: Dalloz, 2003. ISBN 2-247-05159-6. Rigaudière, Albert. Introduction historique à l'étude du droit et des institutions. Paris: Economica, 2001. ISBN 2-7178-4328-0.
In France, the term criminal procedure (French: procédure pénale) has two meanings; a narrow one, referring to the process that happens during a criminal case as it proceeds through the phases of receiving and investigating a complaint, arresting suspects, and bringing them to trial, resulting in possible sentencing—and a broader meaning referring to the way the justice system is organized ...
When the penal code was reformed the lawmakers attempted to satisfy the imperatives of clarity and accessibility and list possible infractions hors code, outside the code, in the fifth book of the penal code. It appears that it was impossible to enumerate the entirety of the offenses extant and active in French law, but their numbers are ...