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Health geography is the application of geographical information, perspectives, and methods to the study of health, disease, and health care. Medical geography , a sub-discipline of, or sister field of health geography, [ 1 ] focuses on understanding spatial patterns of health and disease in relation to the natural and social environment.
Spatial epidemiology is a subfield of epidemiology focused on the study of the spatial distribution of health outcomes; it is closely related to health geography. Specifically, spatial epidemiology is concerned with the description and examination of disease and its geographic variations.
The World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health reported in 2008 that the SDOH factors were responsible for the bulk of diseases and injuries, and that these were the major causes of health inequities in all countries. [3] In the US, SDOH were estimated to account for 70% of avoidable mortality. [4]
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population, and application of this knowledge to prevent diseases.
Pandemic prevention is the organization and management of preventive measures against pandemics. Those include measures to reduce causes of new infectious diseases and measures to prevent outbreaks and epidemics from becoming pandemics. It is not to be mistaken for pandemic preparedness or mitigation (e.g. against COVID-19) which largely seek to mitigate the magnitude of negative effects of ...
Globalization, the flow of information, goods, capital, and people across political and geographic boundaries, allows infectious diseases to rapidly spread around the world, while also allowing the alleviation of factors such as hunger and poverty, which are key determinants of global health. [1] The spread of diseases across wide geographic ...
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". [1] [2] Analyzing the determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health. [3]
The World Health Organization defines the social determinants of health as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age" , [7] conditions that are determined by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national, and local levels. [7] There are two main determinants of health: structural and proximal ...