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The four-sides model (also known as communication square or four-ears model) is a communication model postulated in 1981 by German psychologist Friedemann Schulz von Thun. According to this model every message has four facets though not the same emphasis might be put on each.
Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.
Structural balance theory posits that some types of triads are forbidden and others are permitted on the basis of four rules. [4]Using the term “friend” to designate a positive sentiment and the term “enemy” to designate a negative sentiment, the classic balance model defines a sentiment network as balanced if it contains no violations of four assumptions:
Environmental noise can be any external noise that can potentially impact the effectiveness of communication. [2] These noises can be any type of sight (i.e., car accident, television show), sound (i.e., talking, music, ringtones), or stimuli (i.e., tapping on the shoulder) that can distract someone from receiving the message. [3]
An example is the relation between sender and receiver: it influences the goal of communication and the roles played by the participants. Schramm's criticism of linear models of communication, which lack a feedback loop, has been very influential.
In the psychology of motivation, balance theory is a theory of attitude change, proposed by Fritz Heider. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It conceptualizes the cognitive consistency motive as a drive toward psychological balance.
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Pie chart of verbal (20%) and non-verbal (80%) communication in infants. Communication skills develop throughout one's lifetime. The majority of language development happens during infancy and early childhood. The attributes for each level of development can be used to improve communication with individuals of these ages. [91]