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The atypical antipsychotics (AAP), also known as second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and serotonin–dopamine antagonists (SDAs), [1] [2] are a group of antipsychotic drugs (antipsychotic drugs in general are also known as tranquilizers and neuroleptics, although the latter is usually reserved for the typical antipsychotics) largely introduced after the 1970s and used to treat psychiatric ...
A dopamine antagonist, also known as an anti-dopaminergic and a dopamine receptor antagonist (DRA), is a type of drug which blocks dopamine receptors by receptor antagonism. Most antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists, and as such they have found use in treating schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , and stimulant psychosis . [ 1 ]
In addition to the antagonistic effects of dopamine, antipsychotics (in particular atypical antipsychotics) also antagonize 5-HT 2A receptors. Different alleles of the 5-HT 2A receptor have been associated with schizophrenia and other psychoses, including depression.
Find out what typical and atypical antipsychotics are, what they are used for, how they work, and their potential risks and benefits.
Dopamine receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) and are implicated in many neurological processes, including motivational and incentive salience, cognition, memory, learning, and fine motor control, as well as modulation of neuroendocrine signaling.
Extrapyramidal symptoms are most commonly caused by typical antipsychotic drugs that antagonize dopamine D2 receptors. [2] The most common typical antipsychotics associated with EPS are haloperidol and fluphenazine. [4] Atypical antipsychotics have lower D2 receptor affinity or higher serotonin 5-HT2A receptor affinity which lead to lower rates ...
The introduction of atypical antipsychotic drugs, with lower affinity to the D 2 dopamine receptors, was thought to have reduced the incidence of NMS. However, recent studies suggest that the decrease in mortality may be the result of increased physician awareness and earlier initiation of treatment rather than the action of the drugs ...
Atypical antipsychotics include: Amisulpride (Solian) – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for persistent depression and major depressive disorder [10] Levosulpiride – approved in low doses for major depressive disorder [11] Lumateperone (Caplyta) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression