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The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another, they existed between 1612 and 1947, conventionally divided into three historical periods:
In China, a province is a sub-national region within a unitary state; this means that a province can be created or abolished by the national people's congress. In some nations, a province (or its equivalent) is a first-level administrative unit of sub-national government—as in the Netherlands —and a large constituent autonomous area, as in ...
A federated state may be referred to as a province, region, canton, land, governorate, oblast, emirate, or country. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Administrative units that are not federated or confederated but enjoy a greater degree of autonomy or self-government than other territories within the same country can be considered autonomous regions or de ...
A princely state (also called native state or Indian state) was a nominally sovereign [1] entity of the British Indian Empire that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule, [2] subject to a subsidiary alliance and the suzerainty or paramountcy of the British crown.
A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. . Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified by a single elected person who holds the office of "president", in practice, the presidency includes a much larger collective of people, such as chiefs ...
A small number of nations, like South Africa and Botswana, have both an executive presidency and a system of governance that is parliamentary in character, with the President elected by and dependent on the confidence of the legislature. In these states, the offices of president and prime minister (as both head of state and head of government ...
After this, the Bengal province was later merged with the Presidency of Fort William but under the suzerainty of the Emperor until 1835. [6] In 1836, the upper territories of the Bengal Presidency were organised into the Agra Division or North-Western Provinces and administered by a lieutenant-governor within the Presidency. The lower ...
The separation of the executive and the legislature is the key difference between a presidential system and a parliamentary system. The presidential system elects a head of government independently of the legislature, while in contrast, the head of government in a parliamentary system answers directly to the legislature.