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This article contains a list of the oldest existing social institutions in continuous operation, by year of foundation, in the world.Inclusion in this list is determined by the date at which the entity met the traditional definition of an institution – may it be public, political, religious or educational – although it may have existed as a different kind of institution before that time.
1992–2002: Islamic State of Afghanistan (controlled only a small part of the country from 1996 to 2001, but still recognized by the UN and most of the world's countries as the legitimate government of Afghanistan) 1987–1992: Republic of Afghanistan 1978–1987: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1973–1978: Republic of Afghanistan
San Marino claims to be the oldest constitutional republic in the world, founded on 3 September 301, by Marinus, a Christian stonemason fleeing the religious persecution of Roman Emperor Diocletian. San Marino's constitution, dating back to 1600, is the world's oldest written constitution still in effect. [2]
A supplementary session was first held in 1886, and these became more frequent in the 20th century. The Althing met from 1881 in the newly built Parliament House. The Governor-General (landshöfðingi) was the highest representative of the government in Iceland and was responsible to the Advisor for Iceland (Íslandsráðgjafi) in Copenhagen. [4]
This is a list of countries by date of their last transition from a monarchy to a republican form of government. There were two periods in recent history when many such transitions took place: during or within five years after World War I (1914–1923) – marked in green; during or within five years after World War II (1939–1950) – marked ...
The oldest ruling monarchy in the world is the Imperial House of Japan, which can trace its rule back to February 11, 660 BCE, when Emperor Jimmu became the first emperor of Japan. Emperor Jimmu ...
It is the oldest continuous hereditary monarchy in the world. [3] The Monarchs of Norway by virtue of descent from Harald I Fairhair, who united the realm in 872. Harald as a member of the House of Yngling is given a partly legendary line of succession from earlier petty kings in historiographical tradition. Far from all Monarchs of Norway ...
The oldest living female former head of state is Violeta Chamorro, who served as President of Nicaragua and was born on 18 October 1929 and is currently 95 years, 138 days old. [44] The oldest female monarch is Elizabeth II, who was 96 years, 140 days old at the time of her death. [10]