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The genus was first introduced in 1780 by French mycologist Pierre Bulliard for a range of different fungi producing fruit bodies with an ear-like shape. In 1822 Christian Hendrik Persoon restricted the genus to two gelatinous species, Auricularia mesenterica (which became the type species) and A. sambuci (a synonym of Auricularia auricula-judae). [2]
The species is said to be commonly consumed in Poland. [16] A related fungus, Auricularia heimuer, is widely used in East Asian cooking and has often been misidentified as Auricularia auricula-judae. Auricularia auricula-judae has a mild flavour, which may be considered bland. [24]
Forficula dentata is a species of earwig in the family Forficulidae, commonly referred to as the Western earwig or European earwig. [1] It was first described by Danish zoologist, Johan Christian Fabricius, in 1775. It is a cryptic species belonging to the Forficula auricularia species complex.
Auricularia americana is a wood-rotting species, typically found on dead attached or fallen wood of conifers. It is widely distributed in North America (primarily in the Northeast, between April and September) [ 3 ] and is also known from China and the Russian Far East .
Around 200 species are known worldwide, placed in six or more families, though the status of these families is currently uncertain. All species in the Auriculariales are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several Auricularia species are cultivated for food on a commercial scale, especially in China.
Several species within the order are edible and two, Auricularia heimuer and Auricularia cornea, are cultivated on a commercial scale, particularly in China and southeast Asia. They are widely exported, in a dried or powdered state, as "black fungus", "cloud ears", or "wood ears".
Other species in the Auricularia mesenterica complex include Auricularia brasiliensis in South America, A. pusio in Australia, A. africana in East Africa, and A. asiatica, A. orientalis, A. srilankensis, and A. submesenterica in Asia. [5] Other species of Auricularia lack the zoned, hirsute upper surface found in the A. mesenterica complex.
Auricularia angiospermarum (wood ear or tree ear) is a species of fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. Basidiocarps (fruitbodies) are gelatinous, ear-like, and grow on dead wood of broadleaf trees. It is a North American species and was formerly confused with Auricularia auricula-judae which is confined to Europe.