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Osteoarthritis*, also known as degenerative arthritis, is a common condition in dogs characterized by progressive deterioration of articular cartilage in the joints of the limbs. It can cause a great deal of pain and lameness. Treatment options include medications such as NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and joint fluid modifiers such as ...
In most cases, appropriate treatment protocols cause few side effects, but white blood cell counts must be monitored. Allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplantations (as is commonly done in humans) have recently been shown to be a possible treatment option for dogs. [19] Most of the basic research on transplantation biology was generated ...
[2] [3] Histologically, it is characterised by the dominant presence of multiple osteoid- or cartilage- containing lobules that are separated by fibrous septae. [4] [5] MTB should be differentiated from other bone tumours. [6] Although most frequently found in dogs, [7] MTB has been reported in humans, [8] cats, [9] a horse and a ferret. [10]
Laryngeal tumours are classified according to the guidelines set by academic organisations such as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) . [13] Overall classification, also known as "staging", can help predict treatment options for patients. [14] Staging consists of three separate evaluations.
Reinke's edema is commonly diagnosed in middle-aged females with a history of smoking (aged 50 years or older). Because males have lower pitched voices than females, males are less likely to observe significant changes in the voice and are therefore less likely to seek treatment. Females also report more physical discomfort due to Reinke's edema.
Contact granuloma is a condition that develops due to persistent tissue irritation in the posterior larynx. [1] [2] Benign granulomas, not to be confused with other types of granulomas, occur on the vocal process of the vocal folds, where the vocal ligament attaches.
Vocal fold cysts are diagnosed based on gathering a case history, perceptual examination, and laryngeal imaging. [3] Practicing good vocal hygiene is recommended to prevent vocal fold cysts. [4] Initial treatment of the cysts involves voice therapy to reduce harmful vocal behaviours. If symptoms remain after voice therapy, patients may require ...
A common symptom of laryngeal papillomatosis is a change in voice quality. More specifically, hoarseness is observed. [4] [5] As a consequence of the narrowing of the laryngeal or tracheal parts of the airway, shortness of breath, chronic cough and stridor (i.e. noisy breathing which can sound like a whistle or a snore), can be present.