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The Volvo I-Shift is an automated manual transmission developed by Volvo subsidiary Volvo Powertrain AB for Volvo Trucks and Volvo Buses, with 12 forward gears and 4 reverse gears. It became available for trucks in 2001 and later buses in 2004. Inside view of a Volvo I-Shift transmission
Aside from the increased bore size, the engine is identical to the B21. Volvo used a slightly different mold for the turbo engines to cast a boss for the turbo oil return line. Because a turbocharged engine has a higher operating temperature they used sodium filled exhaust valves and a thermostat controlled oil cooler (air/oil model).
Getrag began production of DCTs in 2008 [26] and has supplied manufacturers including BMW, [27] Dacia, [28] Dodge, Ferrari, [29] [30] Mercedes-Benz, [31] Ford, Mitsubishi, Renault, Smart and Volvo. [32] The Getrag 7DCL750 is a 7-speed DCT which is designed for high-performance engines and has a torque rating of 750 N⋅m (553 lbf⋅ft). [33]
With the early development of cars and the almost universal rear-wheel drive layout, the final drive (i.e. rear axle) ratio for fast cars was chosen to give the ratio for maximum speed. The gearbox was designed so that, for efficiency, the fastest ratio would be a "direct-drive" or "straight-through" 1:1 ratio, avoiding frictional losses in the ...
Simplified control. Operation through the full range of forward and reverse speeds can be controlled using a single lever or a foot pedal to actuate a diversion valve or variable-displacement pump. Arbitrarily slow crawl speeds. The potential for high torque multiplication at very low speeds allows for precise vehicle movement while under load.
Volvo nearly completed the phaseout in 2016 [47] with only two variants of the five-cylinder diesel remaining in production for the 60-series models. In December 2014, Volvo introduced the first hybrid variant of a VEA engine with the launch of the XC90 T8. It uses an electric rear axle drive (ERAD) for both electric propulsion and AWD ...
The engine pressure ratio (EPR) is the total pressure ratio across a jet engine, measured as the ratio of the total pressure at the exit of the propelling nozzle divided by the total pressure at the entry to the compressor. [1] Jet engines use either EPR or compressor/fan RPM as an indicator of thrust. [2]
The oil collects in sump (1), is withdrawn continuously by scavenge pump (2) and travels to the oil tank (3), where gases entrained in the oil separate and the oil cools. Gases (6) are returned to the engine sump. Pressure pump (4) forces the de-gassed and cooled oil (5) back to the engine's lubrication points (7).