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Ethical eating or food ethics refers to the moral consequences [1] [2] of food choices, both those made by humans and animals. Common concerns are damage to the environment, [ 3 ] exploitive labor practices, food shortages for others, inhumane treatment of food animals, and the unintended effects of food policy. [ 4 ]
Intensive animal farming, industrial livestock production, and macro-farms, [1] also known as factory farming, [2] is a type of intensive agriculture, specifically an approach to animal husbandry designed to maximize production while minimizing costs. [3]
Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, a founder of the Jewish Renewal Movement, is credited with coining and developing eco-kashrut in the late 1970s. [3] He articulated eco-kashrut as an evolving set of practices that extend beyond traditional kashrut by taking the human and environmental costs of food production and consumption into account when deciding what to eat or not eat.
In tracking food animal production from the feed through to the dinner table, the inefficiencies of meat, milk, and egg production range from a 4:1 energy input to protein output ratio up to 54:1. [74] The result is that producing animal-based food is typically much less efficient than the harvesting of grains, vegetables, legumes, seeds, and ...
The sociology of food is the study of food as it relates to the history, progression, and future development of society, encompassing its production, preparation, consumption, and distribution, its medical, ritual, spiritual, ethical and cultural applications, and related environmental and labour issues.
Ethical omnivorism, [1] omnivorism [2] or compassionate carnivorism [1], (as opposed to obligatory carnivorism, the view that it is obligatory for people to eat animals) [1] is a human diet involving the consumption of meat, eggs, dairy and produce that can be traced back to an organic farm.
Animal production for food is a major cause of air/water pollution and carbon emissions. [195] Significant questions have been raised about whether the traditional industry can meet the rapidly increasing demands for meat. [196] Cultured meat may provide an environmentally conscious alternative to traditional meat production. [197]
Ethical consumerism (alternatively called ethical consumption, ethical purchasing, moral purchasing, ethical sourcing, or ethical shopping and also associated with sustainable and green consumerism) is a type of consumer activism based on the concept of dollar voting. [1]