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Nutritional science (also nutrition science, sometimes short nutrition, dated trophology [1]) is the science that studies the physiological process of nutrition (primarily human nutrition), interpreting the nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.
Nutritional science is the study of nutrition, though it typically emphasizes human nutrition. The type of organism determines what nutrients it needs and how it obtains them. Organisms obtain nutrients by consuming organic matter, consuming inorganic matter, absorbing light, or some combination of these. Some can produce nutrients internally ...
Marion Nestle expresses the mainstream view among scientists who study nutrition: [31]: 10 The basic principles of good diets are so simple that I can summarize them in just ten words: eat less, move more, eat lots of fruits and vegetables. For additional clarification, a five-word modifier helps: go easy on junk foods. Follow these precepts ...
Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and good health. [1] Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, food security, or a poor understanding of nutritional requirements. [2]
Food scientists working in Australia A food science laboratory. Food science (or bromatology [1]) is the basic science and applied science of food; its scope starts at overlap with agricultural science and nutritional science and leads through the scientific aspects of food safety and food processing, informing the development of food technology.
The USDA's first nutrition guidelines were published in 1894 by Dr. Wilbur Olin Atwater as a farmers' bulletin. [1] [2] In Atwater's 1904 publication titled Principles of Nutrition and Nutritive Value of Food, he advocated variety, proportionality and moderation; measuring calories; and an efficient, affordable diet that focused on nutrient-rich foods and less fat, sugar and starch.
An understanding of the principles of nutritional sciences is required to understand nutritional epidemiology. [14] The two fields explore diet-disease relationships to provide preventative measures for the public. [15] Research in nutritional science also provides the basis for food regulations and dietary guidelines. [13]
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2020–2025) outline four principles for healthy eating habits: Dietary patterns should shift with each stage of life; Enjoy nutrient-rich food and beverages that adhere to one's budget and reflect one's personal preferences and cultural traditions; Meet food group needs and stay within calorie limits