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Fluoxetine, sold under the brand name Prozac, among others, is an antidepressant medication of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class [2] used for the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and bulimia nervosa. [2]
Trazodone, sold under many brand names, [1] is an antidepressant medication [20] used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and insomnia. [20] It is a phenylpiperazine compound of the serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI) class.
Beyond depression and anxiety, it’s also occasionally prescribed off-label to help treat symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder syndrome. Like many SSRIs, escitalopram is meant for daily use.
The precise mechanism for its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects is not known. [10] Common side effects include dry mouth, nausea, feeling tired, dizziness, agitation, sexual problems, and increased sweating. [10] Severe side effects include an increased risk of suicide, serotonin syndrome, mania, and liver problems. [10]
Other symptoms including poor concentration, a disturbance of sleep rhythms (insomnia or hypersomnia), and severe fatigue may also occur. Individual patients present differing subsets of symptoms, which may change over the course of the disease highlighting its multifaceted and heterogeneous nature. [6]
Despite their side effects, some tricyclic antidepressants may be effective for improving depression symptoms when other, newer medications aren’t effective. Atypical antidepressants.
Recent studies have shown that depression may be linked to increased inflammatory response, [54] thus attempts at finding an additional mechanism for SNRIs have been made. Studies have shown that SNRIs as well as SSRIs have significant anti-inflammatory action on microglia [ 55 ] in addition to their effect on serotonin and norepinephrine levels.
Desvenlafaxine is a synthetic form of the isolated major active metabolite of venlafaxine, and is categorized as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). When most normal metabolizers take venlafaxine, approximately 70% of the dose is metabolized into desvenlafaxine, so the effects of the two drugs are expected to be very similar. [18]
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