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  2. Volcanic impacts on the oceans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_impacts_on_the_oceans

    Volcanic aerosols from huge volcanoes (VEI>=5) directly reduce global mean sea surface temperature (SST) by approximately 0.2-0.3 °C, [1] [3] milder than global total surface temperature drop, which is ~0.3 to 0.5 °C, [4] [5] [6] according to both global temperature records and model simulations. It usually takes several years to be back to ...

  3. Tectonic–climatic interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic–climatic...

    The climate surrounding the volcano constrains the impact of the eruption. Models of eruptions that treat climatic variables as controls and hold eruption intensity constant predict particulate emissions, such as volcanic ash and other pyroclastic debris ejected into the atmosphere, in the tropics to reach higher altitudes than eruptions in ...

  4. Volcanic winter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_winter

    The conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid, which condenses rapidly in the stratosphere to form fine sulfate aerosols. A volcanic winter is a reduction in global temperatures caused by droplets of sulfuric acid obscuring the Sun and raising Earth's albedo (increasing the reflection of solar radiation) after a large, sulfur-rich, particularly explosive volcanic eruption.

  5. A powerful volcano is erupting. Here’s what that could mean ...

    www.aol.com/news/powerful-volcano-erupting-could...

    The eruption’s potential impacts to weather and climate are starting to come into focus, even as the danger posed by the volcano persists and evacuations continue.

  6. Climate variability and change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_variability_and_change

    The volcanic eruptions considered to be large enough to affect the Earth's climate on a scale of more than 1 year are the ones that inject over 100,000 tons of SO 2 into the stratosphere. [72] This is due to the optical properties of SO 2 and sulfate aerosols, which strongly absorb or scatter solar radiation, creating a global layer of sulfuric ...

  7. Timeline of volcanism on Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth

    Some eruptions cooled the global climate—inducing a volcanic winter—depending on the amount of sulfur dioxide emitted and the magnitude of the eruption. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Before the present Holocene epoch, the criteria are less strict because of scarce data availability, partly since later eruptions have destroyed the evidence.

  8. Types of volcanic eruptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions

    Iceland, well known for both glaciers and volcanoes, is often a site of subglacial eruptions. An example an eruption under the Vatnajökull ice cap in 1996, which occurred under an estimated 2,500 ft (762 m) of ice. [61] As part of the search for life on Mars, scientists have suggested that there may be subglacial volcanoes on the red planet.

  9. Huaynaputina - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huaynaputina

    The 1600 eruption of Huaynaputina occurred at the tail end of a cluster of mid-sized volcanic eruptions, which in a climate simulation had a noticeable impact on Earth's energy balance and were accompanied by a 10% growth of Northern Hemisphere sea ice and a weakening of the subpolar gyre [277] [278] which may have begun already before the ...

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