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For acute low back pain, low quality evidence has suggested no difference between real and sham spine manipulation, [46] and moderate quality evidence has suggested no difference between spine manipulation and other commonly used treatments, such as medication and physical therapy. [46] [47] [48]
As a result, McKenzie principles are used by many physical therapists in the treatment of low back pain, whereas Williams Exercises are no longer taught as a physical therapy protocol. This is supported by evidence which demonstrates improved functional outcomes for the McKenzie approach in comparison to the Williams exercises.
[1] [2] Waddell's signs may indicate non-organic or psychological component to chronic low back pain. Historically they have also been used to detect malingering in patients with back pain. While testing takes less than one minute, [2] it has been described as time-consuming and alternatives have been proposed. [3]
In 2002–03, the majority of those who sought chiropractic did so for relief from back and neck pain and other neuromusculoskeletal complaints; [19] most do so specifically for low back pain. [ 19 ] [ 224 ] The majority of U.S. chiropractors participate in some form of managed care. [ 8 ]
Low back pain or lumbago is a common disorder involving the muscles, nerves, and bones of the back, in between the lower edge of the ribs and the lower fold of the buttocks. Pain can vary from a dull constant ache to a sudden sharp feeling. [ 4 ]
All techniques claim effects similar to other manual therapies, ranging from decreased muscle tension to reduced stress. Studies show that most patients go to chiropractors for musculoskeletal problems: [15] 60% with low back pain, and the rest with head, neck and extremity symptoms. (p.
In 2007, the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society jointly recommended that clinicians consider spinal manipulation for patients who do not improve with self-care options. [6] Reviews published in 2008 and 2006 suggested that SM for low back pain was equally effective as other commonly used interventions.
There is only weak evidence for the effectiveness of the method's use for treating lower back pain. [8] A 2019 systematic review found that there was evidence that it could reduce chronic lower back pain in the short term, and enhance function in the longer term, but that most studies of the treatment had methodological flaws, such as small sample sizes and a lack of blinding.
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