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Karelia (/ k ə ˈ r iː l ɪ ə, k ə ˈ r iː l j ə /; Karelian and Finnish: Karjala [ˈkɑrjɑlɑ]; Russian: Каре́лия, romanized: Kareliya [kɐˈrʲelʲɪjə], historically Коре́ла, Korela [kɐˈrʲelʲə]; Swedish: Karelen [kɑˈreːlen]) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden.
Map showing areas ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union; Porkkala was returned to Finland in 1956. The Karelian question or Karelian issue (Finnish: Karjala-kysymys, Swedish: Karelska frågan, Russian: Карельский вопрос) is a dispute in Finnish politics over whether to try to regain control over eastern Karelia and other territories ceded to the Soviet Union in the Winter War ...
The coat of arms of Karelia, first used in 1562 Map of North Karelia (green) and South Karelia (yellow) regions, border of the historical province of Karelia in red. Karelia (Finnish: Karjala: Swedish: Karelen) is a historical province of Finland, consisting of the modern-day Finnish regions of South Karelia and North Karelia plus the historical regions of Ladoga Karelia and the Karelian ...
Discussions about Karelia becoming its own state emerged in 1906, when on 3 August, the Union of White Karelians [] was created in Tampere, Grand Duchy of Finland. [1] In 1911, the Union was banned, but it was later revived in 1922 as the Academic Karelia Society, to take a direct part in the creation of the Republic of Uhtua.
Karelianism was a late 19th-century cultural phenomenon in the Grand Duchy of Finland and involved writers, painters, poets and sculptors. Since the publishing of the Finnish national epic Kalevala in 1835, compiled from Finnish and Karelian folk lore, culture spheres in Finland became increasingly curious about Karelian heritage and landscape.
Karelianists travelled to both Finnish Karelia and East Karelia, and created numerous works of art glorifying the nature and mysticism they saw in Karelia. [6] This also resulted in the creation of Kalevala, Finland's national epic. Following the Winter War, a portion of Finnish Karelia was ceded to the Soviet Union.
The East Karelian Uprising (Finnish: itäkarjalaisten kansannousu, Karelian: päivännouzu karjalan kanzannouzu) and the Soviet–Finnish conflict 1921–1922 were an attempt by a group of East Karelian separatists supported by Finland to gain independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
South Karelian was also previously spoken in Border Karelia when it was part of Finland. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Many speakers of the South Karelian dialect were evacuated from Finnish Karelia into other areas of Finland during the 20th century, where a number of speakers are still retained. [ 5 ]