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Electric heat tracing, heat tape or surface heating, is a system used to maintain or raise the temperature of pipes and vessels using heat tracing cables. Trace heating takes the form of an electrical heating element run in physical contact along the length of a pipe.
For uninsulated cables (typically used in outdoor overhead installations), the tensile strength of the cable (as affected by temperature) is normally the limiting material property. The Neher–McGrath method is the electrical industry standard for calculating cable ampacity, most often employed via lookup in tables of precomputed results for ...
PVC-sheathed MICC cable. Conductor cross section area is 1.5 mm 2; overall diameter is 7.2 mm. Mineral-insulated cables at a panel board. Mineral-insulated copper-clad cable is a variety of electrical cable made from copper conductors inside a copper sheath, insulated by inorganic magnesium oxide powder.
Care should be taken when installing PVC underground in multiple or parallel run configurations due to mutual heating effect of densely packed cables, because the conduit will deform when heated. Reinforced thermosetting resin conduit (RTRC) or fiberglass conduit [ 6 ] is light in weight compared to metallic conduits, which contributes to lower ...
Here, is the overall heat transfer coefficient, is the total heat transfer area, and is the minimum heat capacity rate. To better understand where this definition of NTU comes from, consider the following heat transfer energy balance, which is an extension of the energy balance above:
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Each can hold a cable. Another capability is to install a single cable or a bundle of small ducts into an occupied duct. The most expensive activity in installing a network is the need for civil works. Thus, re-using ducts occupied with one cable, leaving some space, is a tempting and often possible and cost-effective alternative.
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