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Vertical lines: Midline, lateral sternal line, parasternal line and midclavicular line. Horizontal lines: Level of the sternal angle, and zipho-sternal line. Anatomical "lines", or "reference lines," are theoretical lines drawn through anatomical structures and are used to describe anatomical location.
Intraosseous infusion (IO) is the process of injecting medication, fluids, or blood products directly into the bone marrow; [1] this provides a non-collapsible entry point into the systemic venous system. [2] The intraosseous infusion technique is used to provide fluids and medication when intravenous access is not
The sternum is a narrow, flat bone, forming the middle portion of the front of the chest. The top of the sternum supports the clavicles (collarbones) and its edges join with the costal cartilages of the first two pairs of ribs. The inner surface of the sternum is also the attachment of the sternopericardial ligaments. [2]
Median sternotomy is a type of surgical procedure in which a vertical inline incision is made along the sternum, after which the sternum itself is divided using a sternal saw. [1] This procedure provides access to the heart and lungs for surgical procedures such as heart transplant , lung transplant , corrective surgery for congenital heart ...
The diameter of the sternal foramen ranges from 6 to 16 mm with an average diameter of 6.5 mm. [2] Sometimes, the foramen can be present at the xiphod process. In extremely rare cases, the foramen is found at the manubrium. [3] Developmentally, sternal foramen results from the incomplete fusion of the sternal bars while they are still ...
The sternocleidomastoid muscle originates from two locations: the manubrium of the sternum and the clavicle. [4] It travels obliquely across the side of the neck and inserts at the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull by a thin aponeurosis.
The sternal angle (also known as the angle of Lewis, [1] angle of Louis, [2]: 297 angle of Ludovic, or manubriosternal junction [citation needed]) is the projecting [2]: 297 angle formed between the manubrium and body of a sternum at their junction at the manubriosternal joint. [2]: 297 [3]
The pectoralis major (from Latin pectus 'breast') is a thick, fan-shaped or triangular convergent muscle of the human chest. It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles and lies under the breast . Beneath the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor muscle .