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Like many other medical conditions, obesity is the result of an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. [2] [3] Studies have identified variants in several genes that may contribute to weight gain and body fat distribution, although only in a few cases are genes the primary cause of obesity. [4] [5]
The diet-induced obesity model (DIO model) is an animal model used to study obesity using animals that have obesity caused by being fed high-fat or high-density diets. [1] It is intended to mimic the most common cause of obesity in humans. [2] Typically mice, rats, dogs, or non-human primates are used in these models.
In the United States, the prevalence of obese or overweight adult dogs is 23–53%, of which about 5% are obese; [22] [23] the incidence in adult cats is 55%, [23] of which about 8% are obese. [22] In Australia, obesity is the most common nutritional disease of pets; [24] the prevalence of obesity in dogs in Australia is approximately 40%. [14]
According to statistics cited by the American Kennel Club, 43.8 million dogs are estimated to be overweight or obese in the United States, yet 95% of dog parents don't realize their pup is overweight.
As with humans, obesity can cause numerous health problems in dogs (although dogs are much less susceptible to the common cardiac and arterial consequences of obesity than humans are). According to a study published in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine , the prevalence of obesity in dogs is between 22 and 40 percent.
Prentice et al. [17] predicted that the emerging molecular genetics field would ultimately provide a way to test between the adaptive 'thrifty gene' idea and the non-adaptive 'drifty gene' idea because it would be possible to find signatures of positive selection in the human genome, at genes that are linked to both obesity and type 2 diabetes ...
Nutritional genomics, also known as nutrigenomics, is a science studying the relationship between human genome, human nutrition and health. People in the field work toward developing an understanding of how the whole body responds to a food via systems biology, as well as single gene/single food compound relationships.
Obesity in pets is common in many countries. In the United States, 23–41% of dogs are overweight, and about 5.1% are obese. [286] The rate of obesity in cats was slightly higher at 6.4%. [286] In Australia, the rate of obesity among dogs in a veterinary setting has been found to be 7.6%. [287]