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Peak values can be calculated from RMS values from the above formula, which implies V P = V RMS × √ 2, assuming the source is a pure sine wave. Thus the peak value of the mains voltage in the USA is about 120 × √ 2, or about 170 volts. The peak-to-peak voltage, being double this, is about 340 volts.
True RMS provides a more correct value that is proportional to the square root of the average of the square of the curve, and not to the average of the absolute value. For any given waveform , the ratio of these two averages is constant and, as most measurements are made on what are (nominally) sine waves, the correction factor assumes this ...
EIRP is defined as the RMS power input in watts required to a lossless isotropic antenna to give the same maximum power density far from the antenna as the actual transmitter. It is equal to the power input to the transmitter's antenna multiplied by the isotropic antenna gain E I R P = G i P i n . {\displaystyle \ \mathrm {EIRP} =G_{\mathsf {i ...
Notice also that using the root mean square voltage =, the expression for above takes the following more classic form: P T O T = 3 V 2 R {\displaystyle P_{TOT}={\frac {3V^{2}}{R}}} . The load need not be resistive for achieving a constant instantaneous power since, as long as it is balanced or the same for all phases, it may be written as
The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is the peak amplitude squared (giving the peak power) divided by the RMS value squared (giving the average power). [1] It is the square of the crest factor. When expressed in decibels , crest factor and PAPR are equivalent, due to the way decibels are calculated for power ratios vs amplitude ratios .
In direct current (DC) circuits, this product is equal to the real power, measured in watts. [3] The volt-ampere is dimensionally equivalent to the watt: in SI units, 1 V⋅A = 1 W. VA rating is most used for generators and transformers, and other power handling equipment, where loads may be reactive (inductive or capacitive).
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A potential for ambiguity exists when assigning a level on the dBFS scale to a waveform rather than to a specific amplitude, because some engineers follow the mathematical definition of RMS, which for sinusoidal signals is 3 dB below the peak value, while others choose the reference level so that RMS and peak measurements of a sine wave produce ...