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  2. Cooley v. Board of Wardens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooley_v._Board_of_Wardens

    Cooley v. Board of Wardens, 53 U.S. (12 How.) 299 (1852), was a US Supreme Court case that held that a Pennsylvania law requiring all ships entering or leaving Philadelphia to hire a local pilot did not violate the Commerce Clause of the US Constitution. Those who did not comply with the law had been required to pay a fee.

  3. Murdock v. Pennsylvania - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murdock_v._Pennsylvania

    Pennsylvania, 319 U.S. 105 (1943), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that an ordinance requiring door-to-door salespersons ("solicitors") to purchase a license was an unconstitutional tax on religious exercise.

  4. List of clauses of the United States Constitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_clauses_of_the...

    Qualifications (of Senators) Clause [citation needed] I: 3: 3 Qualifications Clause (for Presidency) [citation needed] II: 1: 5 Reception Clause: II: 3: 4 Republican Government Clause: IV: 4: Revenue Clause: I: 7: 1 Sinecure Clause: I: 6: 2 Speech or Debate Clause: I: 6: 1 Spending Clause: I: 8: 1 Supremacy Clause: VI: 2 Suspension Clause ...

  5. List of enacting clauses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_enacting_clauses

    An enacting clause may be preceded by an explanatory preamble of "whereas" clauses, e.g. for the Chequers Estate Act 1917. [65] Until the 19th century each later section of an act repeated an abbreviated version of the formula used in the first section, typically "and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid".

  6. Local government in Pennsylvania - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in...

    There is one first class city, Philadelphia, which has more than 1 million residents. There is only one second class city, Pittsburgh which has between 250,000 and 1,000,000 residents. A city with between 80,000 and 250,000 inhabitants that has also adopted a certain ordinance can be classified as a second class A city — only Scranton has ...

  7. City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Philadelphia_v...

    Case history; Prior: City of Philadelphia v. State, 376 A.2d 888 (N.J. 1977); probable jurisdiction noted, 434 U.S. 964 (1977).: Holding; A state may not prohibit or place barriers to articles of commerce entering or exiting its boundaries without express Congressional authorization or a compelling state interest; solid and liquid refuse and the rights to landfill space to dispose thereof are ...

  8. Act of Consolidation, 1854 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Consolidation,_1854

    Map of Philadelphia County prior to consolidation. The Act of Consolidation, more formally known as the act of February 2, 1854 (P.L. 21, No. 16), is legislation of the Pennsylvania General Assembly that created the consolidated City and County of Philadelphia, expanding the city's territory to the entirety of Philadelphia County and dissolving the other municipal authorities in the county.

  9. Cradle of Liberty Council v. City of Philadelphia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_Liberty_Council...

    City of Philadelphia, [2:08-cv-02429RB] is a U.S. Court case involving the Cradle of Liberty Council versus the City of Philadelphia. The case was filed on May 23, 2008, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania .