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Programmed input–output (also programmable input/output, programmed input/output, programmed I/O, PIO) is a method of data transmission, via input/output (I/O), between a central processing unit (CPU) and a peripheral device, [1] such as a Parallel ATA storage device. Each data item transfer is initiated by an instruction in the program ...
A hardware architecture example, which is integrated as a handheld medical device for diabetes monitoring. U-boat layout, with detailed equipment hardware specification and functionality. Prior to the advent of digital computers, the electronics and other engineering disciplines used the terms system and hardware as they are still commonly used ...
The term can also be used as part of an action; to "perform I/O" is to perform an input or output operation. I/O devices are the pieces of hardware used by a human (or other system) to communicate with a computer. For instance, a keyboard or computer mouse is an input device for a computer, while monitors and printers are output devices.
Common examples include keyboards and mice (input) and displays and printers (output). Network interface controllers are used to access the Internet . [ 63 ] USB ports also allow power to connected devices—a standard USB supplies power at 5 volts and up to 500 milliamps (2.5 watts ), while powered USB ports with additional pins may allow the ...
A functional block diagram, in systems engineering and software engineering, is a block diagram that describes the functions and interrelationships of a system. The functional block diagram can picture: [1] functions of a system pictured by blocks; input and output elements of a block pictured with lines; the relationships between the functions ...
A-level Computing/AQA/Computer Components, The Stored Program Concept and the Internet/Hardware Devices/Input and output devices; A-level Computing/AQA/Print version/Unit 2; A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 2/External hardware devices/Input and output devices; Usage on fa.wikipedia.org ورودی/خروجی; Usage on it.wikipedia.org Psicologia ...
The first documented computer architecture was in the correspondence between Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, describing the analytical engine.While building the computer Z1 in 1936, Konrad Zuse described in two patent applications for his future projects that machine instructions could be stored in the same storage used for data, i.e., the stored-program concept.
Memory-mapped I/O is preferred in IA-32 and x86-64 based architectures because the instructions that perform port-based I/O are limited to one register: EAX, AX, and AL are the only registers that data can be moved into or out of, and either a byte-sized immediate value in the instruction or a value in register DX determines which port is the source or destination port of the transfer.